1. Indian English (IE) is a class of varieties of the English language spoken in India, and among the Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. English is used by the Indian government for communication along with Hindi, as enshrined in the Constitution. In India, English is an official language of _______?
A:) 7 states
B:) 8 States
C:) 11 states
D:) 12 states
springline- Correct option: A:) 7 states
2. The first occurrence of the term Indian English dates from 1696, though the term did not become common until the 19th century. In the colonial era, the most common terms in use were Anglo-Indian English, or simply Anglo-Indian, both dating from ___?
A:) 1850
B:) 1860
C:) 1865
D:) 1870
springline- Correct option: B:) 1870
3. In the modern era, a range of colloquial portmanteau words for Indian English have been used. The earliest of these is Indlish (recorded from 1962), and others include Indiglish (1974), Indenglish (1979), Indglish (1984), Indish (1984), Inglish (1985) and Indianlish in______?
A:) 2007
B:) 2008
C:) 2009
D:) 2010
springline- Correct option: A:) 2007
4. The English language established a foothold in India with the granting of the East India Company charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 and the subsequent establishment of trading ports in coastal cities such as Surat, Bombay (called Mumbai since 1995), Madras (called Chennai since 1996), and Calcutta ,called Kolkata since ______?
A:) 2001
B:) 2002
C:) 2003
D:) 2005
springline- Correct option: A:) 2001
5. English-language public instruction began in India in the 1830s during the rule of the British East India Company ,India was then, and is today, one of the most linguistically diverse regions of the world. When English replaced Persian as the official language of the East India Company?
A:) 1834
B:) 1835
C:) 1836
D:) 1837
springline- Correct option: B:) 1835
6. Who played a major role in introducing English and Western concepts into educational institutions in India and he supported the replacement of Persian by English as the official language, the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers?
A:) Roman Jackboson
B:) Robin Lakoff
C:) Lord Macaulay
D:) Charles Peirce
springline- Correct option: C:) Lord Macaulay
7. During the British Raj (1858 to 1947), English-language penetration increased throughout India. This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the civil services. At the time of India's independence in 1947, Which was the only functional lingua franca in the country?
A:) French
B:) English
C:) Hindi
D:) Aryan Language
springline- Correct option: B:) English
8. The alveolar stops English /d/, /t/ are often retroflex [ɖ], [ʈ], especially in the South of India. In Indian languages there are two entirely distinct sets of coronal plosives: one dental and the other retroflex. Native speakers of Indian languages prefer to pronounce the English alveolar plosives sound as more retroflex than _____?
A:) tongue
B:) dental
C:) uvula
D:) nasal
springline- Correct option: B:) dental
9. American English and British English (BrE) often differ at the levels of phonology, phonetics, vocabulary, and, to a much lesser extent, grammar and orthography. The first large American dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language, known as Webster's Dictionary, was written by Noah Webster in _____?
A:) 1828
B:) 1829
C:) 1832
D:) 1835
springline- Correct option: A:) 1828
10. Most Indian languages (except Assamese, Bengali, Marathi and Punjabi) including Standard Hindi, do not differentiate between /v/ (voiced labiodental fricative) and /w/ (voiced labiovelar approximant). Instead, many Indians use a frictionless labiodental approximant [ʋ] for words with either sound, possibly in free variation with [v] and/or [w] depending upon region. Thus, wet and vet are often ______?
A:) homophones
B:) abbreviation
C:) allophones
D:) homonyms
springline- Correct option: A:) homophones
11. A number of distinctive features of Indian English are due to ‘the vagaries of English spelling‘. Most Indian languages, unlike English, have a nearly phonetic spelling, so the spelling of a word is a highly reliable guide to its modern pronunciation. Indians' tendency to pronounce English phonetically as well can cause divergence from _____?
A:) American English
B:) British English
C:) Indian English
D:) French
springline- Correct option: B:) British English
12. English is a stress-timed language. Both syllable stress and word stress (where only certain words in a sentence or phrase are stresseD:) are important features of Received Pronunciation. Indian native languages are actually syllable-timed languages, like French. Indian-English speakers usually speak with a ____
A:) syllabic rhythm
B:) syllabic speech
C:) rhythmical theme
D:) syllabic diction
springline- Correct option: A:) syllabic rhythm
13. Thus, when some Indian speakers speak, they appear to put the stress accents at the wrong syllables, or accentuate all the syllables of a long English word. Certain Indian accents possess a ‘sing-song’ quality, a feature seen in a few English dialects of Britain, such as Scouse and _____ ?
A:) West Saxon
B:) Yorkshire Dialect
C:) Welsh English
D:) Black English
springline- Correct option: C:) Welsh English
14. The most famous dictionary of Indian English is Yule and Brunell's Hobson-Jobson, originally published in 1886 with an expanded edition edited by William Crooke in 1903, widely available in reprint since the ______
A:) 1940s
B:) 1950s
C:) 1960s
D:) 1970s
springline- Correct option: C:) 1960s
15. Numerous other dictionaries ostensibly covering Indian English, though for the most part being merely collections of administratively-useful words from local languages, include (chronologically): Rousseau A Dictionary of Words used in the East Indies (1804) etc. The first dictionary of Indian English to be published after independence was Hawkins Common Indian Words in English ______?
A:) 1982
B:) 1983
C:) 1984
D:) 1986
springline- Correct option: C:) 1984
16. American English varieties include many patterns of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and particularly spelling that are unified nationwide but distinct from other English dialects around the world. Any American or Canadian accent perceived as free of noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is popularly called ______?
A:) Perfect American
B:) Standard American
C:) Modern American
D:) Stylish American
springline- Correct option: B:) Standard American
17. Linguist Bert Vaux created a survey, completed in 2003, polling English speakers across the United States about their specific everyday word choices, hoping to identify regionalisms. The study found that most, Who prefer the term sub for a long sandwich, soda for a sweet and bubbly soft drink ?
A:) Americans
B:) Italian
C:) French
D:) Indian
springline- Correct option: A:) Americans
18. English thus predominated in the colonies even by the end of the 17th century's first massive immigration of non-English speakers from Europe and Africa, and firsthand descriptions of a fairly uniform American English became common after the _______?
A:) mid-18th century
B:) early 18th century
C:) late 19th century
D:) early 19th century
springline- Correct option: A:) mid-18th century
19. Non-rhotic American accents, those that do not pronounce ⟨r⟩ except before a vowel, such as some Eastern New England, New York, a specific few (often older) Southern, and African American vernacular accents, are often quickly noticed by General American listeners and perceived to sound especially ethnic, regional, or ______?
A:)stylish
B:)classic
C:)modern
D:)old-fashioned,
springline- Correct option: D:)old-fashioned
20. Rhoticity is common in most American accents, although it is now rare in England, because during the 17th-century British colonization nearly all dialects of English were rhotic, and most North American English simply remained that way. The preservation of rhoticity in North America was also supported by continuing waves of rhotic-accented immigrants of______?
A:) Scotch-London
B:) America-Scotch
C:) Scotch-Europe
D:) Scotch-Irish
springline- Correct option: D:) Scotch-Irish
21. American accents that have not undergone the cot–caught merger have instead retained a ‘Lot-Cloth’ split: a 17th-century split in which certain words separated away from the ‘Lot’ set. The split, which has now reversed in most British English, simultaneously shifts this relatively recent ‘Cloth’ set into a merger with the _____
A:) Caught
B:) cat
C:) Thought
D:) lot
springline- Correct option: C:) Thought
22. Among speakers who do not distinguish between them, thus producing a cot–caught merger, /ɑ/ usually remains a back vowel, [ɑ], sometimes showing lip rounding as [ɒ]. A transitional stage of the merger is also common in scatterings throughout the United States, most consistently in the ______
A:) East Midlands
B:) American Midlands
C:) West Midlands
D:) North Midlands
springline- Correct option: B:) American Midlands
23. Noah Webster Jr. (October 16, 1758 – May 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and author. He has been called the 'Father of American Scholarship and Education'. His 'Blue-backed Speller'books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read. Webster's name has become synonymous with ______?
A:) book
B:) diction
C:) Vocabulary
D:) dictionary
springline- Correct option: D:) dictionary
24. The process of coining new lexical items started as soon as English-speaking British-American colonists began borrowing names for unfamiliar flora, fauna, and topography from the Native American languages. Landscape features are often loanwords from French or Spanish, and the word corn, used in England to refer to____ ?
A:) Cereal
B:) Rice
C:) Flour
D:) wheat
springline- Correct option: D:) wheat
25. Due to Mexican culinary influence, many Spanish words are incorporated in general use when talking about certain popular dishes: cilantro (instead of coriander), queso, tacos, quesadillas, enchiladas, tostadas, fajitas, burritos, and guacamole. These words usually lack an English equivalent and are found in popular restaurants. New forms of dwelling created new terms (lot, waterfront) and types of homes like log cabin, adobe in the ______
A:) 17th century
B:) 16th century
C:) 18th century
D:) 19th century
springline- Correct option: C:) 18th century
26. From the world of business and finance came new terms (merger, downsize, bottom line), from sports and gambling terminology came, specific jargon aside, common everyday American idioms, including many idioms related to baseball. The names of some American inventions remained largely confined to North America (elevator, gasoline) as did certain automotive terms ____?
A:) team, tempt
B:) truck, trunk
C:) train, trade
D:) term, teams
springline- Correct option: B:) truck, trunk
27. Compounds coined in the U.S. are for instance foothill, landslide (in all senses), backdrop, teenager, brainstorm, bandwagon, hitchhike, smalltime, and a huge number of others. Other compound words have been founded based on industrialization and the wave of the automobile: five-passenger car, four-door sedan, two-door sedan, and station-wagon in England, it would called an _____?
A:) French car
B:) highway car
C:) estate car
D:) bullock cart
springline- Correct option: C:) estate car
28. Due to Mexican culinary influence, many Spanish words are incorporated in general use when talking about certain popular dishes: cilantro (instead of coriander), queso, tacos, quesadillas, enchiladas, tostadas, fajitas, burritos, and guacamole. These words usually lack an English equivalent and are found in famous______
A:) restaurants
B:) hospital
C:) Literary club
D:) Schools
springline- Correct option: A:) restaurants
29. A number of words and meanings that originated in Middle English or Early Modern English and that have been in everyday use in the United States have since disappeared in most varieties of British English; some of these have cognates in_______?
A:) Midland Scots
B:) Lowland Scots
C:) East Midland
D:) America
springline- Correct option: B:) Lowland Scots
30. Terms such as fall (‘autumn’), faucet (‘tap’), diaper (‘nappy’; itself unused in the U.S.), candy (‘sweets’), skillet, eyeglasses, and obligate are often regarded as Americanisms. Fall for example came to denote the season in 16th century England, a contraction of Middle English expressions like ‘fall of the leaf’ and ‘fall of the year.’ Gotten (past participle of get) is often considered to be largely _______?
A:) Latinism
B:) Frenchism
C:) Americanism
D:) Britainism
springline- Correct option: C:) Americanism