1. Postmodernity can mean a personal response to a postmodern society, the conditions in a society which make it postmodern or the state of being that is associated with a postmodern society as well as a historical epoch. In most contexts it should be distinguished from postmodernism, the adoption of postmodern philosophies or traits in _________?
A:) the Painting
B:) the Science
C:) the arts
D:) psychology
springline- Correct option: C:) the arts
2. Postmodernism is generally defined by an attitude of skepticism, irony, or rejection toward what it describes as the grand narratives and ideologies associated with modernism, often criticizing Enlightenment rationality and focusing on the role of ideology in maintaining political or _______?
A:) economic power
B:) feminism
C:) modernism
D:) art and science
springline- Correct option: A:) economic power
3. Postmodern critical approaches gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, and have been adopted in a variety of academic and theoretical disciplines, including cultural studies, philosophy of science, economics, linguistics, architecture, feminist theory, and literary criticism, as well as art movements in fields such as literature, contemporary art, and_______?
A:) science
B:) music
C:) philosophy
D:) painting
springline- Correct option: B:) music
4. Who in his 1914 article in The Hibbert Journal (a quarterly philosophical review), used it to describe changes in attitudes and beliefs in the critique of religion, writing: ‘The raison d'être of Post-Modernism is to escape from the double-mindedness of Modernism by being thorough in its criticism by extending it to religion as well as theology, to Catholic feeling as well as to Catholic tradition’?
A:) Arnold J. Tonynbee
B:) Peter Drucker
C:) J. M. Thompson
D:) Mel Bochner
springline- Correct option: C:) J. M. Thompson
5. Postmodern thinkers frequently describe knowledge claims and value systems as contingent . Criticisms of postmodernism are intellectually diverse, and include arguments that postmodernism promotes obscurantism, is meaningless, and adds nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge. The term postmodern was first used in____?
A:) 1850
B:) 1860
C:) 1870
D:) 1880
springline- Correct option: C:) 1870
6. In 1926, Bernard Iddings Bell, president of St. Stephen's College (now Bard College), published Postmodernism and Other Essays, marking the first use of the term to describe the historical period following Modernity. The essay criticizes the lingering socio-cultural norms, attitudes, and practices of the Age of Enlightenment. The term postmodernity was first used as a general theory for a historical movement in 1939 by _______?
A:) Anderson
B:) Jorge Luis Borges
C:) Mel Bochner
D:) Arnold J. Toynbee
springline- Correct option: D:) Arnold J. Toynbee
7. Who suggested the transformation into a post-modern world that happened between 1937 and 1957 and described it as a ‘nameless era’ characterized as a shift to a conceptual world based on pattern, purpose, and process rather than a mechanical cause and this shift was outlined by four new realities?
A:) Peter Drucker
B:) Roland Barthes
C:) Jacques Lacan
D:) Michel Foucault
springline- Correct option: A:) Peter Drucker
8. Structuralism was a philosophical movement developed by French academics in the 1950s, partly in response to French existentialism, and often interpreted in relation to modernism and high modernism. Thinkers who have been called ‘structuralists’ include the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, and the semiotician _______?
A:) Jacques Derrida
B:) Jean Baudrillard
C:) Algirdas Greimas
D:) Heleme Cixous
springline- Correct option: C:) Algirdas Greimas
9. The early writings of the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan and the literary theorist Roland Barthes have also been called ‘structuralist’. Thus the French structuralists considered themselves to be espousing relativism and______?
A:) constructionism
B:) Realism
C:) Naturalism
D:) Socialist Realism
springline- Correct option: A:) constructionism
10. The developments of-re-evaluation of the entire Western value system that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968—are described with the term postmodernity, as opposed to postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement. Postmodernist ideas in philosophy and in the analysis of culture and society have expanded the importance of ______?
A:) modern theory
B:) Philosophical theory
C:) critical theory
D:) Colonial theory
springline- Correct option: C:) critical theory
11. One of the most well-known postmodernist concerns is ‘deconstruction’, a theory for philosophy, literary criticism, and textual analysis developed by Jacques Derrida . Such critics misinterpret the statement as denying any reality outside of books. Derrida's philosophy inspired a postmodern movement called _______?
A:) Transcendentalism
B:) Surrealism
C:) Sturm and Drang
D:) deconstructivism
springline- Correct option: D:) deconstructivism
12. Hoberek noted in his introduction to a special issue of the journal Twentieth-Century Literature titled ‘After Postmodernism’. The connection between postmodernism, posthumanism, and cyborgism has led to a challenge to postmodernism, for which the terms postpostmodernism and post poststructuralism were first coined in _______?
A:) 2001
B:) 2002
C:) 2003
D:) 2005
springline- Correct option: C:) 2003
13. Who was a French-Algerian philosopher best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he discussed in numerous texts, and developed in the context of phenomenology and he is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy?
A:) John Fiske
B:) Judith Butler
C:) Hayden White
D:) Jacques Derrida
springline- Correct option: D:) Jacques Derrida
14. Michel Foucault was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, and literary critic. First associated with structuralism, Foucault created an oeuvre that today is seen as belonging to post-structuralism and to postmodern philosophy. Considered a leading figure of French theory [fr], Michel Foucault introduced concepts such as _____?
A:) discursive regime
B:) Beat Generation
C:) objective reality
D:) reason and logic
springline- Correct option: A:) discursive regime
15. Jean-François Lyotard is credited with being the first to use the term in a philosophical context, in his 1979 work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. In it, he follows Wittgenstein's language games model and speech act theory, contrasting two different language games, that of the expert, and that of the _________?
A:) Colonist
B:) philosopher
C:) Modernist
D:) Semiotics
springline- Correct option: B:) philosopher
16. Who argues in Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature that contemporary analytic philosophy mistakenly imitates scientific methods. In addition, he denounces the traditional epistemological perspectives of representationalism and correspondence theory that rely upon the independence of knowers and observers from phenomena and the passivity of natural phenomena in relation to consciousness?
A:) Judith Butler
B:) Richard Rorty
C:) Luce Irigaray
D:) Rosalind Krauss
springline- Correct option: B:) Richard Rorty
17. Who has to set forth one of the first expansive theoretical treatments of postmodernism as a historical period, intellectual trend, and social phenomenon in a series of lectures at the Whitney Museum, later expanded as Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) ?
A:) Fredric Jameson
B:) Michel Foucault
C:) Gilles Deleuze
D:) Julia Kristeva
springline- Correct option: A:) Fredric Jameson
18. Who is in Simulacra and Simulation, introduced the concept that reality or the principle of ‘The Real‘ is short-circuited by the interchangeability of signs in an era whose communicative and semantic acts are dominated by electronic media and digital technologies?
A:) Gilles Deleuze
B:) Roland Barthes
C:) Judith Butler
D:) Jean Baudrillard
springline- Correct option: D:) Jean Baudrillard
19. In Analysis of the Journey, a journal birthed from postmodernism, Douglas Kellner insists that the ‘assumptions and procedures of modern theory’ must be forgotten. Extensively, Kellner analyzes the terms of this theory in real-life experiences and examples. Which are the major part of his analysis?
A:) art and science
B:) science and philosophy
C:) science and technology
D:) Journal and technology
springline- Correct option: C:) science and technology
20. The intellectual scholarship regarding postmodernism and architecture is closely linked with the writings of critic-turned-architect Charles Jencks, beginning with lectures in the early 1970s and his essay ‘The Rise of Post Modern Architecture’ from 1975. His magnum opus, however, is the book The Language of Post-Modern Architecture, first published in _______?
A:) 1977
B:) 1978
C:) 1979
D:) 1980
springline- Correct option: A:) 1977
21. When the Arab-American scholar Ihab Hassan published , The Dismemberment of Orpheus: Toward a Postmodern Literature, an early work of literary criticism from a postmodern perspective that traces the development of what he calls ‘literature of silence’ ?
A:) 1971
B:) 1973
C:) 1977
D:) 1979
springline- Correct option: A:) 1971
22. Jorge Luis Borges' (1939) short story ‘Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote‘, is often considered as predicting postmodernism and is a paragon of the ultimate parody. Who is also considered an important precursor and influence in Postmodernism?
A:) Jean Baudrillard
B:) Louis Althusser
C:) Samuel Beckett
D:) Ferdinand de Saussure
springline- Correct option: C:) Samuel Beckett
23. Modernism eroded urban living by its failure to recognise differences and aim towards homogeneous landscapes . Whose, 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities was a sustained critique of urban planning as it had developed within Modernism and marked a transition from modernity to postmodernity in thinking about urban planning ?
A:) Algirdras Greimas
B:) Jane Jacobs
C:) Jacques Lacan
D:) Derrida
springline- Correct option: B:) Jane Jacobs
24. Who criticized the vagueness of the term, enumerating a long list of otherwise unrelated concepts that people have designated as ‘postmodernism’, from ‘the décor of a room’ or ‘a 'scratch' video’, to fear of nuclear armageddon and the ‘implosion of meaning’, and stated that anything that could signify all of those things was ‘a buzzword’?
A:) Charles Jencks
B:) Walter Gropius
C:) Nicolas Bourriaud
D:) Dick Hebdige
springline- Correct option: D:) Dick Hebdige
25. Christian philosopher William Lane Craig has said ‘The idea that we live in a postmodern culture is a myth. In fact, a postmodern culture is an impossibility; it would be utterly unliveable. People are not relativistic when it comes to matters of science, engineering, and technology; rather, they are relativistic and pluralistic in matters of religion and ethics. But, of course, that's not postmodernism; that's______?
A:) modernism
B:) structuralism
C:) Symbolism
D:) Enlightenment
springline- Correct option: A:) modernism
26. Albrecht Wellmer has said that ‘postmodernism at its best might be seen as a self-critical – a sceptical, ironic, but nevertheless unrelenting – form of modernism; a modernism beyond utopianism, scientism and foundationalism; in short a postmetaphysical modernism.’ Albrecht Wellmer Who is a___?
A:) French Modernist
B:) German Semiotiean
C:) German philosopher
D:) French philosopher
springline- Correct option: C:) German philosopher
27. A formal, academic critique of postmodernism can be found in Beyond the Hoax by physics professor Alan Sokal and in Fashionable Nonsense by Sokal and Belgian physicist Jean Bricmont, both books discussing the so-called Sokal affair. In 1996, Sokal wrote a deliberately nonsensical article in a style similar to postmodernist articles, which was accepted for publication by the postmodern cultural studies journal, ______?
A:) technology
B:) Philosophy
C:) Science
D:) Social Text
springline- Correct option: D:) Social Text
28. The French psychotherapist and philosopher, Félix Guattari, often considered a ‘postmodernist’, rejected its theoretical assumptions by arguing that the structuralist and postmodernist visions of the world were not flexible enough to seek explanations in psychological, social and environmental domains at the same time. Who coined the logican term of Semiotics?
A:) Charles Jencks
B:) Nicolas Bourriaud
C:) Charles Sanders Peirce
D:) Hayden White
springline- Correct option: C:) Charles Sanders Peirce
29. Christopher Hitchens in his book, Why Orwell Matters, writes, in advocating for simple, clear and direct expression of ideas, ‘The Postmodernists' tyranny wears people down by boredom and semi-literate ___?
A:) Criticism
B:) Prose
C:) Philosophy
D:) theory
springline- Correct option: B:) Prose
30. Who pointed out what he sees as several ‘inherent flaws’ of a postmodern antiscience perspective, including the confusion of the authority of science (evidence) with the scientist conveying the knowledge; its self-contradictory claim that all truths are relative; and its strategic ambiguity?
A:) H. Sidky
B:) John Fiske
C:) Judith Butler
D:) Jean Francois
springline- Correct option: A:) H. Sidky