1. Literary criticism is thought to have existed as far back as the classical period. In the 4th century BC Aristotle wrote the Poetics, a typology and description of literary forms with many specific criticisms of contemporary works of art. Poetics developed for the first time the concepts of mimesis and____ ?
A:) Marxism
B:) Structuralism
C:) Catharsis
D:) Queer theory
springline- Correct option: C:) Catharsis
2. Later classical and medieval criticism often focused on religious texts, and the several long religious traditions of hermeneutics and textual exegesis have had a profound influence on the study of secular texts. This was particularly the case for the literary traditions of the three Abrahamic religions: Jewish literature, Christian literature and_______?
A:) Sanskrit literature
B:) German Literature
C:) Hindu Literature
D:) Islamic literature
springline- Correct option: D:) Islamic literature
3. The literary criticism of the Renaissance developed classical ideas of unity of form and content into literary neoclassicism, proclaiming literature as central to culture, entrusting the poet and the author with preservation of a long literary tradition. The birth of Renaissance criticism was in ______?
A:) 1498
B:) 1499
C:) 1450
D:) 1451
springline- Correct option: A:) 1498
4. The recovery of classic texts, most notably, Giorgio Valla's Latin translation of Aristotle's Poetics. The work of Aristotle, especially Poetics, was the most important influence upon literary criticism until the late eighteenth century. Lodovico Castelvetro was one of the most influential Renaissance critics who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics in _______
A:) 1570
B:) 1571
C:) 1572
D:) 1573
springline- Correct option: B:) 1571
5. The British Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century introduced new aesthetic ideas to literary studies, including the idea that the object of literature need not always be beautiful, noble, or perfect, but that literature itself could elevate a common subject to the level of the _____ ?
A:) sublime
B:) realism
C:) majestic
D:) supreme
springline- Correct option: A:) sublime
6. However important all of these aesthetic movements were as antecedents, current ideas about literary criticism derive almost entirely from the new direction taken in the early twentieth century. Early in the century the school of criticism known as _____?
A:) German Formalism
B:) Russian Formalism
C:) French Formalism
D:) American Formalism
springline- Correct option: B:) Russian Formalism
7. In 1957 Northrop Frye published the influential Anatomy of Criticism. In his works Frye noted that some critics tend to embrace an ideology, and to judge literary pieces on the basis of their adherence to such ideology. Jürgen Habermas in Erkenntnis und Interesse [1968], described literary critical theory in literary studies as a form of ______ ?
A:) satire
B:) Novella
C:) hermeneutics
D:) Memoir
springline- Correct option: C:) hermeneutics
8. In the British and American literary establishment, the New Criticism was more or less dominant until the late 1960s. Around that time Anglo-American university literature departments began to witness a rise of a more explicitly philosophical, influenced by ______ ?
A:) Imagism
B:) Symbolism
C:) Surrealism
D:) Structuralism
springline- Correct option: D:) Structuralism
9. Who attributes an unsung stature to literary critics and to criticism in academia and he believes that critics are not so well-known and praised, to his disappointment, and that literary criticism is declining in its value because of the manner the general audience is directing it towards that underappreciated state?
A:) Christina Rossetti
B:) Terry Eagleton
C:) Maxim Gorky
D:) Paul Valery
springline- Correct option: B:) Terry Eagleton
10. The most famous criticism of the Theory of Forms is the Third Man Argument by Aristotle in the Metaphysics. Plato had actually already considered this objection with the idea of ‘large’ rather than ‘man’ in the dialogue Parmenides, using the elderly Elean philosophers Parmenides and Zeno characters anachronistically to criticize the character of the younger Socrates who proposed the idea. The dialogue ends in______?
A:) argument
B:) illusion
C:) hermeneutics
D:) aporia
springline- Correct option: D:) aporia
11. Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social prophecy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of ______ ?
A:) post-structuralism
B:) Expressionism
C:) Harlem Renaissance
D:) Surrealism
springline- Correct option: C:) Harlem Renaissance
12. The aesthetic theories of philosophers from ancient philosophy through the 18th and 19th centuries are important influences on current literary study. However, the modern sense of ‘literary theory’ only dates to approximately the 1950s when the structuralist linguistics , Who began to strongly influence English language literary criticism?
A:) Andre Breton
B:) F. Scott Fitzgerald
C:) Ferdinand de Saussure
D:) Rupert Brooke
springline- Correct option: C:) Ferdinand de Saussure
13. New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object. The movement derived its name from John Crowe Ransom's book ‘The New Criticism’ in________?
A:) 1941
B:) 1943
C:) 1945
D:) 1946
springline- Correct option: A:) 1941
14. New Critics believed the structure and meaning of the text were intimately connected and should not be analyzed separately. In order to bring the focus of literary studies back to analysis of the texts, they aimed to exclude the reader's response, the author's intention, historical and cultural contexts, and moralistic bias from their analysis. These goals were articulated in Ransom's ‘Criticism, Inc.’ and ‘Miss Emily and the Bibliographer which was written by________?
A:) Ezra Pound
B:) Emily Dickenson
C:) Allen Tate
D:) Charles Olson
springline- Correct option: C:) Allen Tate
15. In the late 1950s, the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye attempted to establish an approach for reconciling historical criticism and New Criticism while addressing concerns of early reader-response and numerous psychological and social approaches. His approach, laid out in his____ ?
A:) Anatomy of Criticism
B:) New Formalism
C:) Aesthetic criticism
D:) Logical Criticism
springline- Correct option: A:) Anatomy of Criticism
16. Aestheticism – associated with Romanticism, a philosophy defining aesthetic value as the primary goal in understanding literature. This includes both literary critics who have tried to understand and/or identify aesthetic values and those like, Who have stressed art for art's sake?
A:) Mary Jo Salter
B:) Oscar Wilde
C:) Haroldo De Campos
D:) Thomas M. Disch
springline- Correct option: B:) Oscar Wilde
17. Ecocriticism is the study of literature and the environment from an interdisciplinary point of view, where literature scholars analyze texts that illustrate environmental concerns and examine the various ways literature treats the subject of nature. It was first originated by Joseph Meeker as an idea called ‘literary ecology’ in his The Comedy of Survival: Studies in Literary Ecology (1972). The term 'ecocriticism' was coined in _____?
A:) 1975
B:) 1976
C:) 1977
D:) 1978
springline- Correct option: D:) 1976
18. Deconstruction is an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. It was originated by the philosopher Jacques Derrida (1930–2004), who defined the term variously throughout his career. In its simplest form it can be regarded as a criticism of Platonism According to Derrida and taking inspiration from the work of Whom?
A:) Siegfried
B:) Robert Lowell
C:) Sylvia Plath
D:) Ferdinand de Saussure
springline- Correct option: D:) Ferdinand de Saussure
19. Feminist literary criticism is literary criticism informed by feminist theory, or more broadly, by the politics of feminism. The history of feminist literary criticism is extensive, from classic works of nineteenth-century female authors such as George Eliot and Margaret Fuller to cutting-edge theoretical work in women's studies and gender studies by _____?
A:) feminist
B:) second wave authors
C:) third-wave authors
D:) forth-wave authors
springline- Correct option: C:) third-wave authors
20. Gynocriticism was introduced during the time of second wave feminism. Who suggests that feminist critique is an ‘ideological, righteous, angry, and admonitory search for the sins and errors of the past,’ and says gynocriticism enlists ‘the grace of imagination in a disinterested search for the essential difference of women's writing?
A:) Thomas Pynchon
B:) Robert Penn Warren
C:) John Crowe
D:) Elaine Showalter
springline- Correct option: D:) Elaine Showalter
21. Formalism is a school of literary criticism and literary theory having mainly to do with structural purposes of a particular text. In literary theory, formalism refers to critical approaches that analyze, interpret, or evaluate the inherent features of a text. These features include not only grammar and syntax but also literary devices such as meter and _____ ?
A:) ideas
B:) lines
C:) tropes
D:) themes
springline- Correct option: C:) tropes
22. Descriptive poetics is an analytic approach within literary studies. While the concept of poetics goes back to Aristotle, the term ‘descriptive poetics’ refers to an approach which, according to Whom, represents a middle ground between theoretically oriented approaches and analyses of individual works of literature?
A:) Jorge Luis Borges
B:) Brian McHale
C:) Thomas Pynchon
D:) Robert Penn Warren
springline- Correct option: B:) Brian McHale
23. New historicism, a form of literary theory which aims to understand intellectual history through literature and literature through its cultural context, follows the 1950s field of history of ideas and refers to itself as a form of ‘Cultural Poetics’. It first developed in _____?
A:) 1960s
B:) 1970s
C:) 1870s
D:) 1980s
springline- Correct option: D:) 1980s
24. Who coined the term new historicism and when he ‘collected a bunch of essays and then, out of a kind of desperation to get the introduction done, he wrote that the essays represented something called a 'new historicism?
A:) William. S. Burroughs
B:) Giannina Braschi
C:) Greenblatt
D:) Taalam Acey
springline- Correct option: C:) Greenblatt
25. Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict as well as a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and ______ ?
A:) Giannina
B:) Pedro Pietri
C:) Friedrich Engels
D:) David Antin
springline- Correct option: C:) Friedrich Engels
26. Dennis Dworkin writes that ‘a critical moment’ in the beginning of cultural studies as a field was when Richard Hoggart used the term in 1964 in founding the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) at the University of Birmingham. Hoggart appointed as his assistant _____ ?
A:) Stuart Hall
B:) Giannina Braschi
C:) Jean-Claude
D:) Bei Dao
springline- Correct option: A:) Stuart Hall
27. Post-structuralism is a term for philosophical and literary forms of theory that both build upon and reject ideas established by structuralism. According to J. G. Merquior, a love–hate relationship with structuralism developed among many leading French thinkers in the 1960s. The period was marked by the rebellion of students and workers against the state in May______?
A:) 1958
B:) 1968
C:) 1978
D:) 1988
springline- Correct option: B:) 1968
28. David Hume was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, librarian and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. Theory of population a term Which was coined by _____?
A:) Malthus
B:) John Webster
C:) David Hume
D:) William Word
springline- Correct option: A:) Malthus
29. Simone de Beauvoir criticizes psychoanalysis from an existentialist standpoint in The Second Sex (1949), arguing that Freud saw an ‘original superiority’ in the male that is in reality socially induced. Who criticizes Freud and what she considered his Victorian view of women in The Feminine Mystique (1963)?
A:) Betty Friedan
B:) John Harrison
C:) Norman Spinrad
D:) Thomas M. Disch
springline- Correct option: A:) Betty Friedan
30. Realism, sometimes called naturalism, in the arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural elements. Realism in this sense is also called naturalism, mimesis or______ ?
A:) naturalism
B:) Romanticism
C:) Catharsis
D:) illusionism
springline- Correct option: D:) illusionism