1. The American Scholar’ was a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson on August 31, 1837, to the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College at the First Parish in Cambridge in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was invited to speak in recognition of his groundbreaking work ____ ?
A:) Nature
B:) Man the reformer
C:) The Essays of Emerson
D:) Early Lectures
springline- Correct option: a) Nature
2. The American Scholar; Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson, for possibly the first time in the country's history, provided a visionary philosophical framework for escaping ‘from under its iron lids’ and building a new, distinctly American cultural identity. Emerson introduces Transcendentalist and romantic views to explain an American scholar's relationship to_______?
A:) literature
B:) nature
C:) Humanity
D:) manhood
springline- Correct option: b) nature
3. The American Scholar’ has an obligation, as ‘Man Thinking’, within this ‘One Man’ concept, to see the world clearly, not severely influenced by traditional and the view of_______?
A:) romantic
B:) critical
C:) historical
D:) political
springline- Correct option: c) historical
4. The American Scholar’; Emerson was, in part, reflecting on his personal vocational crisis after leaving his role as a minister. Who declared this speech to be ‘the declaration of independence of American intellectual life?
A:) Harold Bloom
B:) Swedenborg
C:) Mary Moody Emerson
D:) Oliver Wendell Holmes .Sr
springline- Correct option: d) Oliver Wendell Holmes .Sr
5. Building on the growing attention he received from the essay Nature, The American Scholar solidified Emerson's popularity and weight in America, a level of reverence he would hold throughout the rest of his life. Which literary quarterly magazine, The American Scholar, was named after the speech ?
A:) Daily magazine
B:) Saturday Club
C:) Phi Beta Kappa
D:) Philosophical club
springline- Correct option: c) Phi Beta Kappa
6. The American Scholar’ ;The society was probably looking for something more conservative and less provocative than what they got from Emerson, for Wainwright's most recent publication was a tract titled Inequality of Individual Wealth—the Ordinance of Providence and Essential to ______?
A:) Civilization
B:) Education
C:) Manhood
D:) Nature
springline- Correct option: a) Civilization
7. The American Scholar’ ;Although the invitation came to Emerson just two months before he was to deliver the address, he had been thinking about writing something on ‘The Duty & Discipline of a Scholar’ for at least _____?
A:) one years
B:) two years
C:) three years
D:) four years
springline- Correct option: b) two years
8. The American Scholar’; Characteristically, many of the passages in the address first appeared in his journals during the years and months before its actual composition in the summer of 1837. The topic had broad and deep relevance to his own condition, for he had resigned his formal ministry in _____?
A:) 1832
B:) 1833
C:) 1834
D:) 1835
springline- Correct option: a) 1832
9. Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of_______ ?
A:) spiritualism
B:) sentimentalism
C:) individualism
D:) modernism
springline- Correct option: c) individualism
10. Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of transcendentalism in his 1836 essay ‘Nature‘. A prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than the public lectures of______?
A:) 1,200
B:) 1,300
C:) 1,400
D:) 1,500
springline- Correct option: d) 1,500
11. Mending Wall’ is a poem by the twentieth-century American poet Robert Frost (1874–1963). It opens Frost's second collection of poetry, North of Boston, published in 1914 by David Nutt, and it has become ‘one of the most anthologized and analyzed poems in ____?
A:) American Literature
B:) modern literature
C:) German literature
D:) New literature
springline- Correct option: b) modern literature
12. Like many of the poems in North of Boston, ‘Mending Wall’ narrates a story drawn from rural New England. The narrator, a New England farmer, contacts his neighbor to rebuild the stone wall between their two farms. When they decide to build the Wall?
A:) Spring
B:) Summer
C:) Winter
D:) Autumn
springline- Correct option: a) Spring
13. Mending Wall’; As the men work, the narrator questions the purpose of a wall ‘where it is we do not need the wall’ . He notes twice in the poem that ‘something there is that doesn’t love a wall’ , but his neighbor replies twice with the proverb, ‘Good fences make good neighbors’. Onora O'Neill uses the poem to preface her 2016 book Justice Across Boundaries. Onora O'Neill who is a Philosopher and_______?
A:) Poet
B:) Novelist
C:) Politician
D:) Critic
springline- Correct option: c) Politician
14. Despite its simple, almost folksy, language, ‘Mending Wall’ is a complex poem with several themes, beginning with human fellowship, which Frost first dealt with in his poem ‘A Tuft of Flowers’ in his first collection of poems_____?
A:) A Boy's Will
B:) Steeple Bush
C:) A witness Tree
D:) A Further Range
springline- Correct option: a) A Boy's Will
15. Mending Wall’ ;The poem considers the contradictions in life and humanity, including the contradictions within each person, as man ‘makes boundaries and he breaks boundaries’. It also examines the role of boundaries in _____?
A:) manhood
B:) human society
C:) friendship
D:) relationship
springline- Correct option: b) human society
16. Mending Wall’ also plays with the theme of seasons as recurring cycles in life, and contrasts those cycles with both physical and language parallelism as the men walk along the wall, each to a side, and their language stays each to a side. Frost further meditates on the role of language as a kind of wall that both joins and separates people. Finally, Frost explores the theme of mischief and ____?
A:) bonding
B:) romance
C:) rumor
D:) humor
springline- Correct option: d) humor
17. Robert Lee Frost was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in the United States. Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New England in the early 20th century, using them to examine complex social and ________?
A:) Political themes
B:) philosophical themes
C:) moral themes
D:) humor themes
springline- Correct option: b) philosophical themes
18. Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime and is the only poet to receive four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. He became one of America's rare ‘public literary figures, almost an artistic institution’. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1960 for his poetic works. When Frost was named poet laureate of Vermont ?
A:) May23, 1961
B:) April 22, 1962
C:) March 23, 1962
D:) July 22, 1961
springline- Correct option: d) July 22, 1961
19. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie. His father descended from Nicholas Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to New Hampshire in 1634 on the Wolfrana, and his mother was a Scottish immigrant. Frost was a descendant of _______ ?
A:) Henry Ford
B:) John F. Kennedy
C:) Randall Jarrell
D:) Samuel Appleton
springline- Correct option: d) Samuel Appleton
20. Frost returned home to teach and to work at various jobs, including helping his mother teach her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers, and working in a factory maintaining carbon arc lamps. He did not enjoy these jobs, feeling his true calling was poetry. In 1894, he sold his first poem____?
A:) My Fly
B:) My Butterfly
C:) My First Poem
D:) Mountain Interval
springline- Correct option: b) My Butterfly
21. Emerson's ‘nature’ was more philosophical than naturalistic: ‘Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.’ Emerson is one of several figures who ‘took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world. Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of ______?
A:) Henry David Thoreau
B:) Ezra Pound
C:) John. F. Kennedy
D:) Thomas Hardy
springline- Correct option: a) Henry David Thoreau
22. Moving north to England, Emerson met William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Thomas Carlyle. Carlyle in particular was a strong influence on him; Emerson would later serve as an unofficial literary agent in the United States for Carlyle, and in March 1835, he tried to persuade Carlyle to come to America to lecture. The two maintained a correspondence until Carlyle's death in _____?
A:) 1880
B:) 1881
C:) 1882
D:) 1883
springline- Correct option: a) 1881
23. The day before the publication of Nature, Emerson met with Frederic Henry Hedge, George Putnam, and George Ripley to plan periodic gatherings of other like-minded intellectuals. This was the beginning of the Transcendental Club, which served as a center for the movement. Its first official meeting was held on September ______?
A:) 1832
B:) 1834
C:) 1835" , "d) 1836
springline- Correct option: d) 1836
24. Emerson's religious views were often considered radical at the time. He believed that all things are connected to God and, therefore, all things are divine. Critics believed that Emerson was removing the central God figure; as Henry Ware Jr. said, Emerson was in danger of taking away ‘the Father of the Universe’ and leaving ‘but a company of children in an orphan asylum’. Emerson was partly influenced by Biblical criticism and___ ?
A:) Italic Philosophy
B:) Greek Philosophy
C:) German philosophy
D:) Greek Poems
springline- Correct option: c) German philosophy
25. As a lecturer and orator, Emerson—nicknamed the Sage of Concord became the leading voice of intellectual culture in the United States. Who had met Emerson in 1849, originally thought he had ‘a defect in the region of the heart’ and a ‘self-conceit so intensely intellectual that at first one hesitates to call it by its right name’, though he later admitted Emerson was ‘a great man’?
A:) Richard Ellmann
B:) James Radcliff Squires
C:) Robert Graves
D:) Herman Melville
springline- Correct option: d) Herman Melville
26. Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau and William James were all positive Emersonians, while Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry James were Emersonians in denial—while they set themselves in opposition to the sage, there was no escaping his influence. To Whom Emerson's essays were an ‘encumbrance ?
A:) W.B. Yeats
B:) T. S. Eliot
C:) Thomas Hardy
D:) Thomas Gray
springline- Correct option: b) T. S. Eliot
27. The classicist Helen H. Bacon has proposed that Frost's deep knowledge of Greek and Roman classics influenced much of his work. Frost's education at Lawrence High School, Dartmouth, and Harvard ‘was based mainly on the classics. Who defended Frost against critics who had accused Frost of being too ‘traditional’ and out of touch with Modern or Modernist poetry ?
A:) Harold Bloom
B:) Robert Graves
C:) Randall Jarrell
D:) Rupert Brooke
springline- Correct option: c) Randall Jarrell
28. In 1960, Frost was awarded a United States Congressional Gold Medal, ‘In recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture of the United States and the philosophy of the world,’ which was finally bestowed by President Kennedy in March 1962. When he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal for outstanding contribution to the arts by the MacDowell Colony?
A:) 1961
B:) 1962
C:) 1963
D:) 1964
springline- Correct option: b) 1962
29. Several of Emerson's poems were included in Bloom's The Best Poems of the English Language, although he wrote that none of the poems are as outstanding as the best of Emerson's essays, which Bloom listed as ‘Self-Reliance’, ‘Circles’, ‘Experience’, and ‘nearly all of Conduct of Life’. In his belief that line lengths, rhythms, and phrases are determined by breath, Emerson's poetry foreshadowed the theories of ________?
A:) Erik Erikson
B:) Sigmund Freud
C:) B.F. Skinner
D:) Charles Olson
springline- Correct option: d) Charles Olson
30. Although much has been written over many years by scholars and biographers of Emerson's life, little has been written of what has become known as the ‘Philosophers Camp’ at Follensbee Pond. His Which epic poem ‘ reads like a journal of his day to day detailed description of adventures in the wilderness with his fellow members of the Saturday Club ?
A:) Adirondac
B:) Nature
C:) Represent Men
D:) Man of Reformer
springline- Correct option: a) Adirondac