1. Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the celebrated headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator. Matthew Arnold has been characterised as a sage writer. Sage writing was a genre of creative _____?
A:) fiction
B:) non-fiction
C:) prose
D:) novel type
springline- Correct option: B:) non-fiction
2. Matthew Arnold was also an inspector of schools for thirty-five years, and supported the concept of state-regulated secondary education. He was the eldest son of Thomas Arnold and his wife Mary Penrose Arnold (1791–1873), born on 24 December 1822 at Laleham-on-Thames, Middlesex. Who stood as godfather to Matthew ?
A:) John Stuart Mill
B:) John Keble
C:) John Carey
D:) Jane Baillie Welsh
springline- Correct option: B:) John Keble
3. A Study of Poetry' is a critical essay by Matthew Arnold. In this essay Arnold criticizes the art of poetry as well as the art of criticism. Arnold believes that the art of poetry is capable of high destinies. It is the art in which the idea itself is the fact. He says that we should understand the worth of poetry as it is poetry that shows us a mirror of life. Which one is according to Arnold, is incomplete without poetry, and, religion and philosophy will give way to poetry ?
A:) Science
B:) Philosophy
C:) Prose
D:) Epic
springline- Correct option: A:) Science
4. Arnold terms poetry as a criticism of life thereby refuting the accusation of Plato and says that as time goes on man will continue to find comfort and solace in poetry. Arnold says that when one reads poetry he tends to estimate whether it is of the best form or not. It happens in ____?
A:) One way
B:) two ways
C:) three ways
D:) four ways
springline- Correct option: C:) three ways
5. The real estimate is an unbiased viewpoint that takes into account both the historical context and the creative faculty to judge the worth of poetry. But the real estimate is often surpassed by the historic and personal estimate. The historic estimate places the historical context above the value of the ____?
A:) music
B:) poetry
C:) painting
D:) art
springline- Correct option: D:) art
6. The historic and personal estimate often overshadows the real estimate. But Arnold also says that it is natural. The study of the historical background of poetry and its development often leads to the critic skipping over the shortcomings because of its historical significance. Which estimate raises poetry to a high pedestal and thus hinders one from noticing its weaknesses ?
A:) real
B:) historic
C:) personal
D:) philosophical
springline- Correct option: B:) historic
7. The historic estimate that leads to the creation of classics and raises the poet to a nearly God like standard. Arnold says that if a poet is truly a classic his poetry will give the reader real pleasure and enable him to compare and contrast other poetry which are not of the same high standard. This according to Arnold is the real estimate of _____?
A:) historic
B:) poetry
C:) philosophy
D:) nature
springline- Correct option: B:) poetry
8. Arnold here speaks about the idea of imitation. He says that whatever one reads or knows keeps on coming back to him. Thus if a poet wants to reach the high standards of the classics he might consciously or unconsciously imitate them. This is also true for critics who tend to revert to the historic and personal estimate instead of an unbiased real estimate. The historic estimate affects the study of ______?
A:) ancient poets
B:) modern poets
C:) romantic poets
D:) Greek poets
springline- Correct option: A:) ) ancient poets
9. Arnold proposes the ‘touchstone’ method of analyzing poetry in order to determine whether it is of a high standard or not. He borrows this method from Longinus who said in his idea of the sublime that if a certain example of sublimity can please anyone regardless of habits, tastes or age and can please at all times then it can be considered as a true example of the ____?
A:) sublime
B:) seriousness
C:) manner
D:) style
springline- Correct option: A:) sublime
10. The touchstone method was first suggested in England by Addison who said that he would have a man read classical works which have stood the test of time and place and also those modern works which find high praise among contemporaries. Arnold applies the touchstone method by taking examples from the time tested ______?
A:) classics
B:) style
C:) modern
D:) forms
springline- Correct option: A:) classics
11. Arnold quotes Homer, Dante, Shakespeare and Milton in an attempt to exemplify touchstone poetry. Arnold says that the high quality of poetry lies in its matter and its manner. He then goes by Whose, observation and says that the best form of poetry possesses high truth and seriousness that makes up its subject matter along with superior diction that marks its manner ?
A:) T.S. Eliot
B:) Plato
C:) Dante
D:) Aristotle
springline- Correct option: D:) Aristotle
12. Arnold then speaks about French poetry which had a tremendous influence on the poetry of England. He differentiates between the poetry of northern France and the poetry of southern France. The poetry of southern France influenced the literature of______?
A:) Latin
B:) Greek
C:) Italian
D:) American
springline- Correct option: C:) Italian
13. The Study of Poetry; The poetry of northern France that was dominant in Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth century. This poetry came to England with the Anglo- Normans and had a tremendous impact on English poetry. It was the romance- poems of France that was popular during that time. But Arnold says that it did not have any special characteristics and lacked the high truth, seriousness and diction of ______?
A:) Philosophical poem
B:) modern poetry
C:) classic writings
D:) classic poetry
springline- Correct option: D:) classic poetry
14. Arnold speaks about Chaucer who was much influenced by French and Italian poetry. Arnold says that Chaucer’s poetic importance is a result of the real estimate and not the historic estimate. The superiority of Chaucer’s verse lies both in his subject matter and his style. He writes about human life and _____?
A:) moral
B:) nature
C:) religion
D:) virtue
springline- Correct option: B:) nature
15. Arnold speaks highly of Chaucer’s diction and calls it ‘liquid diction’ to emphasise the fluidity in the manner of Chaucer’s writing which he considers to be an irresistible virtue. Arnold however says that Chaucer is not a classic. He points out that Chaucer lacks the high seriousness of the classics thereby depriving him of the high honour. He compares Chaucer to Whom ?
A:) Dante
B:) Homer
C:) Aristotle
D:) Boccaccio
springline- Correct option: A:) Dante
16. Arnold mentions Milton and Shakespeare and credits them as classics and moves on to speak about Dryden and Pope. According to the Which estimate Dryden and Pope are no doubt great poets of the eighteenth century and Arnold observes that Dryden and Pope were better prose writers than poets ?
A:) real estimate
B:) historic estimate
C:) personal estimate
D:) poetical estimate
springline- Correct option: B:) historic estimate
17. The restoration period faced the necessity of a fit prose with proper imaginative quality and this is what Dryden and Pope provided. Arnold therefore concludes that they are classics not of poetry but of prose. Who did not write much but what he wrote has high poetic value?
A:) Thomas Gray
B:) Dryden
C:) Dante
D:) Robert Burns
springline- Correct option: A:) Thomas Gray
18. Arnold speaks about Robert Burns in the late eighteenth century and says that this is the period from which the personal estimate begins to affect the real estimate. According to Arnold, Who is a better poet in Scottish than in English ?
A:) Walter Scott
B:) Robert Burns
C:) Don Paterson
D:) William Dunbar
springline- Correct option: B:) Robert Burns
19. According to the real estimate Burns lacks the high seriousness of the classics but his poetry nevertheless has truthful substance and style. Then Arnold moves on to speak about Byron, Shelley and Wordsworth but does not pass any judgement on their poetry. Arnold believes that his estimate of these poets will be influenced by his personal passion as they are closer to his age than the ___?
A:) Classics
B:) modern
C:) prose
D:) romantic poem
springline- Correct option: A:) Classics
20. Arnold speaks about the self-preservation of the classics. Any amount of good literature will not be able to surpass the supremacy of the classics as they have already stood the test of time and people will continue to enjoy them for the ages to come. Arnold says that this is the result of the self preserving nature of_____?
A:) thoughts
B:) ideal
C:) truth
D:) humanity
springline- Correct option: D:) humanity
21. Arnold also studied at Balliol College, Oxford University. In 1844, after completing his undergraduate degree at Oxford, he returned to Rugby as a teacher of classics. After marrying, When Arnold began work as a government school inspector, a grueling position which nonetheless afforded him the opportunity to travel throughout England and the Continent ?
A:) 1850
B:) 1851
C:) 1852
D:) 1853
springline- Correct option: B:) 1851
22. The Study of Poetry’ (1880) Arnold called for a new epic poetry: a poetry that would address the moral needs of his readers, ‘to animate and ennoble them.’ Arnold's arguments, for a renewed religious faith and an adoption of classical aesthetics and morals, are particularly representative of mainstream Victorian intellectual concerns. His approach—his gentlemanly and subtle style—to these issues, however, established criticism as an art form, and has influenced almost every major English critic since, including T. S. Eliot, Lionel Trilling, and ___?
A:) Harold Bloom
B:) John Ruskin
C:) Cleanth Brooks
D:) F.R. Leavis
springline- Correct option: A:) Harold Bloom
23. In 1887, Arnold was credited with coining the phrase ‘New Journalism’, a term that went on to define an entire genre of newspaper history, particularly Lord Northcliffe's turn-of-the-century press empire. However, at the time, the target of Arnold's irritation was not Northcliffe, but the sensational journalism of Pall Mall Gazette editor,_______?
A:) Edward Said
B:) Walter Pater
C:) Roland Barthes
D:) W.T. Stead
springline- Correct option: D:) W.T. Stead
24. The Study of Poetry; Arnold owes much of his knowledge of Greek and Latin masters to his great father. His classicism was inspired by him, and it is to this fact that George Watson attributes the quality in his writing, the incongruity between the head and the heart. The Study of Poetry ,Which was originally published in_____?
A:) 1888
B:) 1880
C:) 1884
D:) 1885
springline- Correct option: B:) 1880
25. Watson and Saintsbury declare their preference for Arnold's literary criticism over his social or religious criticism. More recent writers, such as Collini, have shown a greater interest in his social writing, while over the years a significant second tier of criticism has focused on Arnold's _____?
A:) historical writings
B:) social writings
C:) religious writings
D:) aesthetic writings
springline- Correct option: C:) religious writings
26. Arnold's work as a literary critic began with the 1853 ‘Preface to the Poems’. In it, he attempted to explain his extreme act of self-censorship in excluding the dramatic poem ‘Empedocles on Etna’. Who described the preface, written by the thirty-one-year-old Arnold, as ‘oddly stiff and graceless when we think of the elegance of his later prose.’ ?
A:) George Watson
B:) John Ruskin
C:) Saintsbury
D:) Edgar Allen Poe
springline- Correct option: A:) George Watson
27. Although Arnold's poetry received only mixed reviews and attention during his lifetime, his forays into literary criticism were more successful. Arnold is famous for introducing a methodology of literary criticism somewhere between the historicist approach common to many critics at the time and the _____?
A:) political essay
B:) philosophical essay
C:) personal essay
D:) historical essay
springline- Correct option: C:) personal essay
28. In ‘The Study of Poetry’, Arnold wrote that, ‘Without poetry, our science will appear incomplete; and most of what now passes with us for religion and philosophy will be replaced by poetry’. He considered the most important criteria used to judge the value of a poem were ‘high truth’ and ‘high seriousness’. By this standard, Whose one of the work did not merit Arnold's approval ?
A:) Shakespeare
B:) Chaucer
C:) Aristotle
D:) Milton
springline- Correct option: B:) Chaucer
29. Mathew Arnold’s writings, he often baffled and sometimes annoyed his contemporaries by the apparent contradiction between his urbane, even frivolous manner in controversy, and the ‘high seriousness’ of his critical views and the melancholy, almost plaintive note of much of his poetry. ‘A voice poking fun in the wilderness’ was Whose description of him ?
A:) George Watson
B:) Thomas Gray
C:) George Peter
D:) T. H. Warren
springline- Correct option: D:) T. H. Warren
30. Mathew Arnold; In 1845, after a short interlude of teaching at Rugby, Arnold was elected Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. In 1847, he became Private Secretary to Lord Lansdowne, Lord President of the Council. In 1849, he published his first book of poetry, The Strayed Reveller. In 1850 Wordsworth died; Arnold published his ‘Memorial Verses’ on the older poet in the magazine of ____?
A:) The Month
B:) The Times
C:) Marie Claire
D:) Fraser
springline- Correct option: D:) Fraser